THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF PRACTICAL VICTIMOLOGY ABROAD

Abstract

Victimology as a branch of knowledge about the victim, and therefore about crime, tries to establish the regularities of the formation of the personality of the victim of a criminal offense, which are described in this science by such concepts as victim, victimhood, victim behavior, victimization, victimogenic factors, victimogenic concrete life situation, victimological prevention crimes, etc. Life and sad statistics, the multitude of examples of the criminal chronicle testify to the fact that even elementary knowledge about ensuring personal safety, mastering the rules and techniques of physical and mental protection, awareness of typical situations-traps that criminals create for their chosen victims, would prevent many criminal offenses. That is why large-scale state victimological education of the population of Ukraine is becoming very relevant. The article is devoted to the study of the main directions of practical victimology in other countries, with the aim of borrowing our practical activity. The article examines the directions of development of foreign practical victimology: personal training (development of algorithms for optimal behavior in criminogenic situations and special training); increasing the level of protection of officials whose official functions are associated with the risk of being exposed to criminal encroachment; minimizing victimogenic situations, preventing and stopping them, and informing citizens about such situations; informing citizens about possible criminal “traps”; protection and rehabilitation of victims of crimes. It has been proven that the practical recommendations of victimologists, designed for different life situations, also play an important role. Victimological recommendations, even the simplest ones, if followed, reduce the likelihood of becoming a victim of a criminal offense. A real assessment of a possible criminal situation allows not only to act correctly in an extreme situation, but also makes people more careful and prevents the occurrence of criminal situations.