METHODS OF FORGERY OF DRIVER'S LICENSES, THEIR SALE AND USE AS AN ELEMENT OF THE CRIMINAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A CRIMINAL OFFENSE

Abstract

The article examines modern methods of forging driver's licenses, their sale and use, highlights the signs of these methods, typical traces of their use, which are found on forged documents and other forms of criminal activity. It was determined that the method of committing a criminal offense is an important element of the forensic characteristics of forging a driver's license, its sale and use, as well as a necessary circumstance of proof in the case. The methods of committing a criminal offense are classified depending on the purpose, type of driver's license and characteristics of the subject of the offense. The complete and partial forgery of the driver's license was revealed, the specifics of the technical equipment used in this case were indicated. The most common methods of counterfeiting plastic driver's license forms are clarified, and the signs and traces characteristic of each type of counterfeit printing are given: inkjet; thermo-sublimation; offset (flat printing) with display of individual details by laser engraver; electrophotographic using laser printers. Methods of selling fake driver's licenses were studied: contactless and direct implementation, including with the involvement of intermediaries. The driver's use of a fake license is detected when documents are checked by the police visually, according to databases; when renewing a driver's license, withdrawing it, storing it in the units of the Main Service Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. It has been proven that law enforcement officers counter the socially dangerous actions of offenders who commit forgery of driver's licenses, their sale and use, including in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine, with the help of investigative (search) actions, tactical techniques, tactical combinations and operations. The methods of forging driver's licenses, their sale and use are comprehensively revealed, and measures of criminal law, criminal procedural and forensic countermeasures against this type of offense are outlined.