WORK IN THE ENERGY SECTOR AS A DISTINCT TYPE OF LABOUR ACTIVITY

Abstract

The article examines work in the energy sector as a specific type of labour activity that is of strategic importance for the functioning of the state, economy, industry, defence sector, and critical infrastructure. It is substantiated that under martial law and systematic attacks on energy facilities, the legal regulation of energy workers’ employment cannot be limited solely to the general provisions of labour legislation but requires special legal, organisational, and social support. The main features that distinguish work in the energy sector from other types of labour activity are identified. These include a complex system of legal regulation, the significant role of sectoral agreements, state standards and local regulations, an increased level of occupational risk, work involving hazardous equipment, high-voltage systems, work at height and under adverse weather conditions, as well as additional threats caused by hostilities. Particular attention is paid to increased qualification requirements for employees, the need for professional selection, medical examinations, special training, internships, knowledge assessment, and authorisation to perform the relevant work. The specific features of the continuous production process and shift-based work organisation are analysed, along with the risks of violations of working time and rest periods caused by staff shortages, air-raid alerts, attacks, and emergency recovery operations. The high level of responsibility borne by energy workers for the safety of their colleagues, the stability of the energy system, and the continuity of essential processes is emphasised. The necessity of strengthening occupational safety measures and providing psychological, financial, and social support to energy-sector employees is substantiated. Attention is also drawn to the improvement of remuneration, compensation mechanisms, and assistance for injured workers and the families of deceased energy workers. It is concluded that the specific nature of work in the energy sector requires differentiated legal regulation, additional safety guarantees, and the development of a comprehensive state policy aimed at protecting energy-sector employees